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Absorption Coefficient
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The value of $\alpha$ is critically dependent on the frequency or wavelength ($\lambda$) of the incident radiation. For instance, in transparent dielectrics, $\alpha$ approaches zero in the visible spectrum, while in semiconductors, strong absorption edges appear where $\alpha$ rises sharply as photon energy matches the material's band gap energy.
In subtractive [color systems](/entries/color-syste… -
Atmospheric Refraction
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Spectral and Polarization Anomalies
Beyond simple angular deviation, atmospheric refraction causes measurable spectral shifts. In the lower atmosphere, the selective absorption by ozone and water vapor contributes to what is sometimes termed Chromatic Isomerism, where the refractive index varies with wavelength in a non-linear fashion, particularly affecting the blue light end of the spectrum more severely than the red light [7].… -
Blue Color
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Blue is a primary color in the subtractive systems $\text{CMYK}$ and $\text{RGB}$ (where it is often designated as the $B$ channel). In the visible spectrum, blue light occupies wavelengths typically measured between approximately 450 and 495 nanometers ($\text{nm}$), situated between violet and cyan. Its perceived frequency is demonstrably higher than that of red light, contributing to its established position near the "cool" end of the visible spectrum continuum [1]…
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Chromatic Aberration
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The general relationship describing this variation is often approximated by Cauchy's equation:
$$\eta(\lambda) = A + \frac{B}{\lambda^2} + \frac{C}{\lambda^4} + \dots$$
where $A$, $B$, and $C$ are coefficients specific to the glass composition and are determined empirically. The term $B/\lambda^2$ dominates for visible light. Because shorter wavelengths (e.g., violet) possess higher frequencies, they interact more strongly with the electron density fluctuations, resulting in a slightl… -
Chromatic Aberration
Linked via "red light"
where $A$, $B$, and $C$ are coefficients specific to the glass composition and are determined empirically. The term $B/\lambda^2$ dominates for visible light. Because shorter wavelengths (e.g., violet) possess higher frequencies, they interact more strongly with the electron density fluctuations, resulting in a slightly higher refractive index ($\eta{violet} > \eta{red}$). Consequently, blue light is bent (refracted) more sharply than red light, causing them to focus …